mechanism of action of l-carnitine The carnitine system and cancer metabolic plasticity Carnitine Shuttle - an overview

The pyrazole group interacts with P33, while the side chains of residues M29 and L56 from the G-site interact with the acetamide group

Oxidative phosphorylation in mitochondria involves four electron-transporting complexes and a proton-translocating ATP synthase that direct electrons derived from the initial oxidation of NADPH and FADH2 along a multistep pathway that culminates in protons being pumped outside of mitochondria

Glutathione acts as a vital shield

Reducing chemotherapeutic side effects Due to the limited specificity of chemotherapy drugs, cancer patients often experience adverse reactions or toxicity during treatment, including myelosuppression, gastrointestinal toxicity, cardiotoxicity, hepatotoxicity, neurotoxicity, ototoxicity, etc