Gaskins AJ, Sundaram R, Buck Louis GM, Chavarro JE
IL-13 induces translocation of NF-kappaB in cultured human bronchial smooth muscle cells
Likewise, the effects of glutamine or alanine supplementation, either for short-term (1 day) or long-term (5 days), were investigated on blood ammonia of professional football players after two different exercise protocolsintermittent (a football match) or with continuous intensity (running for 60 min at 80% of the maximum heart rate-HR max )
Key Points Despite the broad biological and clinical heterogeneity of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), specific pathways of immune dysregulation have been well characterized and are known to be relevant to significant subsets of patients Selective targeting of key immune regulatory molecules seems to offer promise for effective disease management with lower toxicity than current therapies Selection of patients that are likely to respond to a particular therapeutic agent could eventually be guided by biomarkers predictive and reflective of response to that treatment Clinical trials of biologic agents in SLE are significantly confounded by aggressive use of background medications that decrease the ability to detect differences between the study and control groups In patients with mild disease manifestations, withdrawal of background medications might allow the implementation of smaller, true placebo-controlled clinical trials In patients with high baseline disease activity, withdrawal of background therapies might not be feasible, but these individuals tend to have less profound responses on background therapies, and therefore trials limited to these patients can succeed without withdrawal of these agents Abstract Despite rapid accumulation of knowledge about complex immune dysregulation in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and major primary lupus syndromes, and a plethora of promising new treatments reaching preclinical and early clinical studies, advanced-phase trials of new biologic agents have repeatedly failed to achieve their clinical end points
