This enzyme requires the FAD coenzyme form of riboflavin for this reduction reaction, thus, emphasizing the role of riboflavin in the formation of reduced, active, glutathione ( Second, it has been shown that the oxidation of dihydroriboflavin, the reduced riboflavin, forming oxidized riboflavin can deactivate lipid peroxides, emphasizing the independent antioxidant property of riboflavin ( Third, riboflavin effects on antioxidant enzymes activities, including superoxide dismutase (SOD) ( Important to note, UV-B irradiation, the atmospherically predominant UV radiation, has been shown to reduce the neuroprotective effects of riboflavin both in vitro and in vivo
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To explore the mechanism behind this crosstalk, the researchers examined the diffusivity of Rho GTPases during sLTP and showed that RhoA and Rac1 had a higher diffusion distance than Cdc42, that is, the active RhoA, and Rac1 diffused to the nearby spines whereas the active Cdc42 remained locally in the activated spine
