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In more detail, sesamol alleviated neuroinflammatory reactions by suppressing the TLR-4/NF-B pathway, protected against oxidative stress, and upregulated the Nrf2 antioxidant signaling pathway, improving brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) by upregulating the BDNF/TrkB/CREB signaling pathway, restored synaptic impairments and enhanced norepinephrine and serotonin levels

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High levels of MDA in diabetic tissue demonstrate that there is more damage to the membranes and oxidative injury associated with delayed wound healing and poor tissue regeneration

Hypoxia-inducible factor-1 (HIF-1) and glycolysis In tumors, many cells are often exposed to hypoxic microenvironments where they cannot rely on OXPHOS and must modify their metabolism to survive in these conditions of reduced oxygen tension