Abbreviations LDH: Lactate dehydrogenase NAD: Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide MCT: Monocarboxylate transporter TCA: Tricarboxylic acid cycle ATP: Adenosine triphosphate LDHA: Lactate dehydrogenase A LDHB: Lactate dehydrogenase B GAP: Glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate GAPDH: Glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase PDH: Pyruvate dehydrogenase L-LDH: L-lactate dehydrogenase A with M subunit D-2-HDH: D-2-hydroxy acid dehydrogenase DHAP: Dihydroxyacetone phosphate MGO: Methylglyoxal GLO1: Glyoxalase 1 GLO2: Glyoxalase 2 mLDH: Mitochondrial lactate dehydrogenase ADP: Adenosine diphosphate HCA1: Hydroxycarboxylic acid receptor 1 Treg: Regulatory T cell ETC: Electron transport chain ROS: Reactive oxygen species NK: Natural killer cells AARS: Alanyl-tRNA synthetase PERK: R-like ER kinase TME: Tumor microenvironment AK2: adenylate kinase 2 eEFiA2: Eukaryotic translation elongation factor 1 alpha 2 CDK7: cyclin-dependent kinase 7 YAP: Yes-associated protein 1 LDHD: D-lactate dehydrogenase D MOESIN: Membrane-organizing extension spike protein IBD: Inflammatory Bowel Disease UC: Ulcerative colitis CD: Crohns disease AD: Alzheimers disease DM: Type 2 diabetes mellitus CAF: Cancer-associated fibroblasts METTL: Methyltransferase BCAP: B cell adapter for PI3K GSK3: Glycogen synthase kinase 3 beta FOXO1: Forkhead box1 PHD: Prolyl hydroxylate TNF: -Tumor Necrosis Factor ARF1: ADP-ribosylation factor 1 IDH3: Isocitrate dehydrogenase 3 noncatalytic subunit beta PAX6: Paired box 6 S6K2: Protein S6 kinase 2 VEGF: Vascular endothelial growth factor HIF: Hypoxia inducible factor HAT: Histone acetyl transferase GCN5: Lysine acetyltransferase 2 A HDAC: Class I histone deacetylases SIRT: Sirtuin SMARCA4: SWI/SNF Related, matrix associated, actin dependent regulator of chromatin, subfamily A, member 4 References Ferguson BS, Rogatzki MJ, Goodwin ML, Kane DA, Rightmire Z, Gladden LB
Lab Invest 100(3):342352 Yepez D, Grandes XA, Manjunatha RT, Habib S, Sangaraju SL (2022) Fibromyalgia and depression: a literature review of their shared aspects
doi: 10.1007/s11060-015-1734-0
In addition to its flavor-enhancing properties, fenugreek contains bioactive compounds including saponins and soluble fibers such as galactomannans that have been studied for their role in supporting normal metabolic and digestive function
