2.2 Pre-processing raw material to improve the quality of collagen hydrolysates The main purpose of the pre-treatment of raw materials before extracting antioxidant collagen hydrolysates is to improve the quality of collagen hydrolysates obtained by removing impurities (such as lipids, pigments, and non-collagenous proteins) and breaking the cross-linked structure of collagen
More recently, Xiong and his team found that impaired epoxyeicosatrienoic acid (EET) signaling can impede ATP release from astrocytes in the mPFC, inducing depressive-like behavior (Xiong et al., 2019)
Furthermore, the compensatory hyperinsulinemia resulting from adipose dysfunction stimulates de novo lipogenesis in hepatocytes while simultaneously impairing muscle glucose uptake, creating a pathological metabolic state that propagates systemic insulin resistance (157)
These include -glucans, phenolic acids (gallic acid, caffeic acid, and ferulic acid), flavonoids, terpenoids, sterols (like ergosterol), polysaccharides, lectins, and essential amino acids