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Qiu Y, Ahn B, Sakurai Y, Hansen CE, Tran R, Mimche PN, Mannino RG, Ciciliano JC, Lamb TJ, Joiner CH, Ofori-Acquah SF, Lam WA (2018) Microvasculature-on-a-chip for the long-term study of endothelial barrier dysfunction and microvascular obstruction in disease

Activated microglia and astrocytes release proinflammatory cytokines including tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF- ), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and interleukin-1 (IL-1), creating a hostile neuroimmune milieu (Isik et al., 2023

Results depend on peptide type, dosage, and biological response variables

These results suggest ROS may have the potential to amplify mitophagy-ferroptosis signals through a positive feedback mechanism