Levels also typically decline with age, consistent with the hypothesis that replenishment may support metabolic health
Abbreviations ACPs: Anticancer peptides PDCs: Peptidedrug conjugates HNP-1: Human neutrophil peptide LfcinB: Lactoferrin GHRH: Growth hormone-releasing hormone STAT3: Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 GSH: Glutathione ADCs: Antibodydrug conjugates mAb: Monoclonal antibody USFDA: US Food and Drug Administration BBB: Bloodbrain barrier SORT1: Sortilin 1 DTX: Docetaxel NSCLC: Non-small cell lung cancer HDM-2: Human double minute 2 Apaf-1: Apoptotic protease-activating factor-1 ROS: Reactive oxygen species TP53: Tumor protein 53 AIF: Apoptosis-inducing factor EndoG: Endonuclease G PLP2: Proteolipid protein 2 DAMPs: Damage-associated molecular patterns HMGB1: High-mobility group protein B1 VEGF: Vascular endothelial growth factor PDGF: Platelet-derived growth factor FGF: Fibroblast growth factor CK2: Casein kinase 2 MMP: Matrix metalloproteinase VEGF-A: Vascular endothelial growth factor ALA-A2: Alpha-lactalbumin-A2 IC50: Half maximal inhibitory concentration DCs: Dendritic cells Treg: Regulatory T cell IFN-: Interferon-gamma HLA: Human leukocyte antigen IL-2: Interleukin-2 PEG: Polyethylene glycol MOMP: Mitochondrial outer membrane permeabilization Cyt c: Cytochrome c AIF: Apoptotic-inducing factor mPTP: Mitochondrial permeability transition pore IMM: Inner mitochondria membrane VDAC: Voltage-dependent anion channels MTD: Mitochondrial-targeting domain UCPVax: Universal cancer peptide-based vaccine RhoC: Ras homolog gene family member C SSRT2: Somatostatin receptor-2 References Abdelmageed MI, Abdelmoneim AH, Mustafa MI, Elfadol NM, Murshed NS, Shantier SW, Makhawi AM (2020) Design of a multiepitope-based peptide vaccine against the E protein of human COVID-19: an immunoinformatics approach
The copper complex is naturally present in human plasma, wound fluid, and saliva, where it promotes wound healing, modulates inflammatory responses, and stimulates production of collagen, elastin, and glycosaminoglycans
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