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Future studies should explore these mechanisms through ongoing research and technological advancements, thereby providing more scientifically grounded guidance for both basic research and clinical applications

APC inhibits ligand-independent Wnt signaling by the Clathrin endocytic pathway

However, deficiency of optic atrophy protein 1 (OPA1), which maintains mitochondrial homeostasis and function, leads to resistance to both erastin- and RSL3-induced ferroptosis (95)

For example, ROS is produced in several ways in the mitochondria, and succinate oxidation is one of the ways to generate ROS during NAD-linked substrates, such as coupled respiration with succinate in complex I via reverse electron transfer from complex II to I