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Within controlled environments, this peptide is utilised to explore metabolic signalling pathways, endocrine response timing, and long-duration hormonal activity models

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Saba AI, Elbakary RH, Afifi OK, Sharaf Eldin HEM

Glossary 2-AR Beta-2 adrenergic receptor -Gal Beta-galactosidase 6-keto-PGF1 6-keto-prostaglandin F1 alpha AC/cAMP/PKA Adenylate cyclase/cyclic AMP/protein kinase A ACE Angiotensin-converting enzyme ACh Acetylcholine AChE Acetylcholinesterase AhR-RGE Aryl hydrocarbon receptor-regulated gene enhancement Ahr-TN Aryl hydrocarbon receptor translocated AI Atherogenic index Akt Protein kinase B ALD Alcoholic Liver Disease ALDH Aldehyde dehydrogenase AMPK AMP-activated protein kinase Ang II Angiotensin II Ang II-CFP Angiotensin II - Central Fusion Point AP-1 Activator protein 1 ARNT Aryl hydrocarbon receptor nuclear Translocator AS Atherosclerosis ATP Adenosine Triphosphate ATPases Adenosine triphosphatases Bcl-2/Bax B-cell Lymphoma 2/Bcl-2-associated X Protein bFGF Basic fibroblast growth factor BMI Body mass index BP Blood pressure BRS Baroreflex sensitivity CaMKII Calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II CaMKK Calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase kinase beta CAT catalase CB2 Cannabinoid Receptor CBRs Cannabinoid Receptors Type 2 CD39 Cluster of differentiation 39 CD73 Cluster of differentiation 73 CDR Cognitive decline Rate cGMP Nitric oxide-cyclic guanosine monophosphate-potassium channel CK Creatine kinase CLS Capillary-like structures cNOS Constitutive nitric oxide synthase CPK Creatine phosphokinase CS Cholesterol sulfate cTnI Cardiac troponin I CVP Central venous pressure CYP7A1 Cholesterol 7-alpha-hydroxylase ECFC Endothelial colony-forming cells EDHF Endothelium-derived hyperpolarizing factor EDR Endothelium-dependent relaxation EDV End diastolic volume eNO Endothelial nitric oxide eNOS Endothelial nitric oxide synthase EOS Endocannabinoid System ERK1/2 Extracellular signal-regulated kinases 1/2 ET-1 Endothelin-1 GABAergic Gamma-Aminobutyric Acid GC Guanylate cyclase GRP Glucose-regulated protein GSH/GSSG Reduced glutathione/glutathione disulfide ratio GSH-Px Glutathione Peroxidase GSK-3 Glycogen synthase kinase 3 Beta H 2 O 2 Hydrogen peroxide Hcy-ED Homocysteine-endothelial dysfunction HDL High-density lipoprotein HDL-C High-density lipoprotein cholesterol HO-1 Heme oxygenase 1 HR Heart rate HTN Hypertension ICAM-1 Intercellular adhesion molecule 1 IL-1 Interleukin 1 beta IL-6 Interleukin 6 iNOS Inducible nitric oxide synthase IP3R Inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor JNK c-Jun N-terminal kinase JNK1/2 c-Jun N-terminal kinases 1/2 K ATP ATP-sensitive potassium channel KCM Potassium channel modulation KDR Kinase insert domain receptor K-Ras Kirsten rat sarcoma viral oncogene homolog KV and KATP Voltage-gated potassium and ATP-sensitive potassium channels LDH Lactate dehydrogenase LDL Low-density lipoprotein LDL-C Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol LF and HF Low frequency and high frequency components of power index LPO Lipid peroxidation MAP Mean arterial presure MAPK Mitogen-activated protein kinase MDA Malondialdehyde MF Myocardial Fibrosis mitoKATP Mitochondrial ATP-Sensitive Potassium Channel MMP Matrix metalloproteinase MnSOD Manganese superoxide dismutase mRNA Messenger Ribonucleic Acid NADPH Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate NF-B Nuclear factor kappa B NLRP3 NLR family pyrin domain containing 3 NO Nitric oxide NOS Nitric oxide synthase NO Nitric oxide NOS2 and NOS3 Nitric oxide synthase 2 and 3 NOX4 NADPH oxidase 4 NQO1 NAD(P)H quinone dehydrogenase 1 NRC Nuclear regulatory commission Nrf2 Nuclear factor erythroid 2related factor 2 NT Norepinephrine Transporter OS Oxidative stress p38 MAPK p38 mitogen-activated protein kinases p47phox Phox subunit of NADPH oxidase p53 Tumor protein p53 PE Phenylephrine PGI Prostacyclin PI3K Phosphoinositide 3-kinase PKC epsilon Protein kinase C epsilon PKG Protein Kinase G p-NF-B Phosphorylated nuclear factor kappa B PTEN Phosphatase and tensin homolog RAS Renin-angiotensin system ROS Reactive oxygen species RS Renal stenosis SAL Salinity sGC Soluble guanylate cyclase SIPS Stress-induced premature senescence Smad2/3 SMAD family member 2/3 SOD Superoxide dismutase STCL Short term cellular leukemia TG Triglycerides TGF- Transforming growth factor beta TGF-1 Transforming growth factor beta 1 TNF- Tumor necrosis factor alpha TNFR Tumor necrosis factor receptor TPE Total protein excretion TRPA1 Transient receptor potential ankyrin 1 Trx-1 Thioredoxin-1 TRPV Transient Receptor Potential Vanilloid TXB2 Thromboxane B2 UCr Urinary creatinine VCAM-1 Vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 VD Vascular diameter VEGF Vascular endothelial growth factor VOCC Voltage-operated calcium channels VP Venous pressure VR Vascular resistance XO Xanthine oxidase References 1 AbedD