l-carnitine fumarate vs tartrate Triple Complex, 3000 mg per daily serving l-Carnitine – Dr. Rogers Centers

Disponible en: Servicio de Comercializacin Agrcola del Departamento de Agricultura de los Estados Unidos (USDA)

Glossary COPD Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease ROS Reactive oxygen species OXPHOS Oxidative phosphorylation mtROS Mitochondrial ROS PGC1- Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor Gamma Coactivator 1-Alpha CNKI China National Knowledge Infrastructure MMP Mitochondrial membrane potential NAD Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide FAD Flavin Adenine Dinucleotide ETC Electron transport chain CoQ10 Coenzyme Q10 Cytochrome c Cytochrome c Oxidase HIFs hypoxia-inducible factors PKB/AKT Protein Kinase B PTEN Phosphatase and Tensin Homolog RIPK1 Receptor-Interacting Protein Kinase 1 RIPK3 Receptor-Interacting Protein Kinase 3 AMPK AMP-activated Protein Kinase HIF-1 Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1-Alpha mTOR Mammalian Target of Rapamycin SOD Superoxide dismutase CAT Catalase GPX Glutathione peroxidase MnSOD Manganese superoxide dismutase FAO Fatty acid oxidation CPT1A Carnitine Palmitoyltransferase 1A Drp1 Dynamin-Related Protein 1 Ser616 Serine 616 PINK1 PTEN-Induced Kinase 1 MitoTEMPO Mitochondria-Targeted Tempo LPO Lactoperoxidase TFAM Mitochondrial transcription factor A cGAS Cyclic GMP-AMP Synthase STING Stimulator of Interferon Genes NLRP3 NOD-like Receptor Pyrin Domain Containing 3 MT-ATP6 Mitochondrially Encoded ATP Synthase Membrane Subunit 6 nDNA nuclear DNA TGF-1 Transforming Growth Factor Beta 1 Ub Ubiquitin LC3 Microtubule-associated protein 1A/1B-light chain 3 NIX Nip3-like protein X BNIP3L BCL2-interacting protein 3 like BNIP3 BCL2-interacting protein 3 FUNDC1 FUN14 domain containing 1 BH3 Bcl-2 Homology 3 Atg8 Autophagy-related protein 8 March5 Membrane Associated Ring-CH-Type Finger 5 Mfn Mitofusin Opa1 Optic Atrophy 1 INF2 Inverted Formin 2 Spire1C Spire-type Actin Nucleation Factor 1C MID49 Mitochondrial Dynamics Protein 49 MIEF1 Mitochondrial Elongation Factor 1 PGC-1 Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor Gamma Coactivator 1-Alpha SIRT1 Sirtuin-1 PRMT1 Protein Arginine Methyltransferase 1 PKA protein kinase A TIM23 Translocase of the Inner Membrane 23 FNIP1 Folliculin Interacting Protein 1 FLCN Folliculin TFEB Transcription Factor EB CS Cigarette Smoke CSE Cigarette Smoke Extract PKM2 Pyruvate Kinase M2 NEAT1 Nuclear Enriched Abundant Transcript 1 NOX4 NADPH Oxidase 4 Nrf2 Nuclear Factor Erythroid 2-Related Factor 2 PRKN parkin RBR E3 ubiquitin protein ligase HFL1 Human Fetal Lung Fibroblast 1 HBECs Human Bronchial Epithelial Cells IL-6 Interleukin-6 TNF- Tumor Necrosis Factor-Alpha USP19 Ubiquitin-Specific Peptidase 19 Fis1 Fission 1 16HBE 16 Human Bronchial Epithelial pDRP1 Phosphorylated Dynamin-Related Protein 1 ATII Alveolar Type II Cells NAC N-acetylcysteine MLE12 Mouse Lung Epithelial 12 CIHH Chronic Intermittent Hypoxia-Hypercapnia TPP Triphenylphosphine MitoQ Mitoquinone HUVECs Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells ASM Airway Smooth Muscle SOD2 Superoxide Dismutase 2 FOXO3 Forkhead Box O3 TQ Thymoquinone 3-MA 3-Methyladenine PI3K Phosphoinositide 3-Kinase Mdivi-1 Mitochondrial Division Inhibitor 1 ERK1/2 Extracellular Signal-Regulated Kinases 1 and 2 NF-B Nuclear Factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells GHK-Cu Glycyl-L-Histidyl-L-Lysine-Copper LPS Lipopolysaccharide AICAR 5-Aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide ribonucleotide CREB cAMP Response Element-Binding Protein References 1 AborayaD

Mitochondrial morphology regulates organellar Ca(2+) uptake and changes cellular Ca(2+) homeostasis

Experimental models include isolated perfused hearts (Langendorff), ex vivo working heart preparations, in vivo echocardiography with metabolic phenotyping, transgenic models affecting carnitine metabolism (OCTN2 knockout, CPT-I variants), and large animal models of myocardial infarction