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Data Availability Statement We used PubMed, SCOPUS, and ScienceDirect databases to screen articles for this review

Abbreviations TBI Traumatic brain injury AD Alzheimers disease PD Parkinsons disease BBB Bloodbrain barrier BCB Blood-CNS barrier BCSFB Blood-CSF barrier TJ Tight junctions CNS Central nervous system CSF Cerebral spinal fluid CDC Centers for disease control and prevention GI Gastrointestinal ICV Intracerebroventricular IV Intravenous IP Intraperitoneal IM Intramuscular HMG CoA -Hydroxy -methylglutaryl coenzyme A MOA Mechanism of action GTA Glycerol triacetate FDA Food and Drug Administration TCA Tricarboxylic acid ETC Electron transport chain ROS Reactive oxygen species ALS Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis ATP Adenosine triphosphate NMN Nicotinamide mononucleotide NAD Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide NACA n-acetylcysteine amide NAC n-acetylcysteine DMSO Dimethyl sulfoxide SIRT1 Sirtuin 1 PARP Poly-ADP ribose polymerase QUR Quercetin NBP DL-3-n-butylphthalide CNT Carbon nanotubes PLGA Polylactic-co-glycolic acid Author contributions All authors contributed to the discussion and writing of the manuscript

Schnitzer, M

[DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar] 194.Rolim L.C., da Silva E.M., Flumignan R.L., Abreu M.M., Dib S.A