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Autophagy is characterized by vesicles swallowing cytoplasmic proteins or organelles and further fusing with lysosomes for content degradation, which is essential for intracellular metabolic homeostasis and the renewal of certain organelles 35

doi: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2015.07.018 81 LeeY

It further compromises endothelial barrier integrity by disrupting tight junctions, characterized by reduced levels of ZO-1, occludin, and claudin-5, and by enhancing MMPs through Rho and Ras pathway activation ( Figure 1 )

While day 7 treatment response - measured as lymphoblast count in peripheral blood - is a well-defined, biologically straightforward phenotype with minimal confounding, more complex outcomes such as toxicities or relapse are influenced by numerous biological and environmental factors and require rigorous characterization