1 Background Electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes) are battery-powered devices that aerosolize nicotine, flavorings, and other chemicals for inhalation ( Since the legalization of e-cigarettes in the United Arab Emirates (UAE) in 2019, availability has expanded rapidly through retail outlets, online platforms ( Despite growing use, many young adults continue to perceive e-cigarettes as safer than combustible cigarettes, even though aerosol emissions contain toxic substances that pose health risks to users and bystanders ( Prior studies in the UAE and surrounding region have examined vaping prevalence among university students, but gaps remain in understanding how knowledge, attitudes, practices, and nicotine dependence interact to shape behavior ( The widespread smoking of e-cigarettes in the UAE is influenced by the marketing in high-income countries, favoring the use of electronic nicotine delivery systems and a decline in cigarette smoking ( The objective of this study was to assess the prevalence of e-cigarette use among university students in the UAE and to evaluate their knowledge, attitudes, practices, nicotine dependence, and factors associated with current vaping behavior
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