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Taurocholic acid promotes hepatic stellate cell activation via S1PR2/p38 MAPK/YAP signaling under cholestatic conditions

Afterwards, cells were washed with PBS, and incubated at room temperature for 30 min with an anti-rabbit IgG Alexa Fluor 546 antibody (1:100, #A-11035, Thermo Fisher Scientific, Waltham, MA, USA)

Studies in various models and clinical populations suggest that Lactobacillus could alleviate symptoms of conditions such as Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD), cancers, and liver damage by targeting inflammation and oxidative stress pathways (13)

some microbially modified bile acids (like iso-deoxycholic acid) can cross into the brain and have been shown to modulate microglial activity and cholesterol metabolism in neurons [80]