glutathione for corona virus Treatments 101: Part 1 — The Mother of All Antioxidants We Like Vitamins | NSF

*Correspondence: Yi Hua, [email protected] This article was submitted to Experimental Pharmacology and Drug Discovery, a section of the journal Frontiers in Pharmacology Disclaimer All claims expressed in this article are solely those of the authors and do not necessarily represent those of their affiliated organizations, or those of the publisher, the editors and the reviewers

Various mechanisms may explain antiproliferative effects of Biliverdin/Bilirubin such as: (1) Overexpression of cdk inhibitor p53 resulting in increased apoptosis of rat SMCs (Liu et al., 2002), (2) Inhibition of cyclin A, D1 and E, YY1 and cdk 2 expression, leading to hypophosphorylation of the retinoblastoma tumor suppressor protein (Rb) and cell cycle arrest (Ollinger et al., 2005), (3) Inhibition of JNK activation (Ollinger et al., 2007), and (4) Modulation of p38 MAPK activation (Ollinger et al., 2005)

Ratnikov BI, Scott DA, Osterman AL, Smith JW, Ronai ZA

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