cigarette smoking reduces life expectancy by is one of the leading causes of preventable disease and early death worldwide. Some studies have estimated that each smoked may reduce expectancy, although the exact number of minutes Mortality in relation to smoking:

Mortality in relation to smoking: 50 years' observations on male British doctors PMC Tobacco use imposes a hereditary burden upon offspring. It elevates the risk of birth defects by 68% and the incidence of brain abnormalities, such as anencephaly (a condition characterized by incomplete brain Reduced Life Expectancy due to Smoking in Large Scale Cohort Studies in Japan PMC Every Cigarette You Smoke Has a Hidden Cost Research suggests that **each cigarette may reduce life expectancy by about 20 minutes**. That means a single pack of 20 cigarettes could cost

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