e3 ubiquitin ligases mitophagy copd smoking or cigarette smoke Tobacco toxins trigger bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells aging by inhibiting Frontiers | The interplay between
Frontiers The interplay between oxidative stress and autophagy in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease Ubiquitination and Acetylation in Cellular Senescence: Mechanisms, Crosstalk, and Therapeutic Implications Yu 2025 The FASEB Journal Wiley Online Library The Underlying Role of Mitophagy in Different Regulatory Mechanisms of COPD Dove Medical Press MKK3 influences mitophagy and is involved in cigarette smoke induced inflammation ScienceDirect
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