i , Quantification of the nuclei is based on their circularity ratio, as depicted in ( g )
These particles are present in all aquatic ecosystems and can accumulate in organisms across different trophic levels, with evidence of trophic transfer observed in marine species such as fish and mammals ( /Akt/FoxO3a signaling pathway ( 2 Microplastics and the central nervous system 2.1 Biocompatibility and bioaccumulation of microplastics The physical and chemical properties of microplastics, such as size, shape, surface charge, and chemical composition, directly influence their environmental transport and biocompatibility, with smaller microplastic particles leading to stronger biological interactions ( 2.2 Effects of microplastics on neural cells The exposure to polystyrene nanoplastics exerted significant effects on primary neurons in mice, resulting in reduced viability of mixed neuronal cells, reactive astrogliosis, and induction of neuronal apoptosis ( (TNF-), the uptake and toxicity of microplastics were markedly enhanced, suggesting their potential risks in inflammatory states ( 2.3 Impacts of microplastics on neurodevelopment During pregnancy and lactation, the nervous system of the offspring is not fully developed and is susceptible to external environmental influences
As GSL degradation products have well established roles in plant resistance, we analysed in more detail the allyl-ITC response in this respect in the next paragraph
Phenolic profiles and antioxidant activities of 30 tea infusions from green, black, oolong, white, yellow and dark teas
